Springer Nature Switzerland AG

The primary aim of this book is to provide clinicians with the essential knowledge and theoretical foundation needed to perform digital EEG and integrate quantitative EEG (qEEG) into routine clinical practice. Readers will gain a clear understanding of the principles behind qEEG and learn how to apply some of the most widely used numerical tools for EEG analysis. This work spans a broad spectrum—from the theoretical underpinnings of EEG biosignals to the practical application of numerical methods in real clinical cases. It is structured as a progressive journey: beginning with the origins of EEG signals, advancing through the mathematical foundations of analytical tools, and culminating in the numerical analysis of actual clinical scenarios. In this way, clinicians, including residents, will become familiar with these powerful techniques, grasp their relevance to human pathology, and acquire the skills to implement their own analytical toolbox. Over the past few decades, the field of qEEG has expanded significantly, with numerous mathematical methods being developed. However, these tools are still rarely used in everyday clinical settings. This gap is often due to a lack of awareness and confidence among clinicians, as well as the perceived complexity of the methods. Drawing from personal experience, the author emphasizes that these tools are highly effective in routine practice and aims to share this insight with the broader neurophysiological community and allied professionals. Despite its rigorous approach, the book is rich in clinical examples and EEG recording procedures, making it both practical and accessible.

This book covers fundamental microscopic techniques for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and other microscopic tools.  It provides step-by-step instructions and explanations of the basic fundamental concepts and mechanisms and guides the reader on resolving queries related to taking and analyzing microscopy images. The latest advancements and developments in microscopic equipment are described. Theoretical background on microscopy is also provided to enhance the reader’s understanding of microscopy techniques and tools. Microscopic Techniques for the Non-Expert is an ideal book for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as researchers with a background in environmental science, materials science, biomedicine, engineering, or bio-nanotechnology.

This book provides a comprehensive and concise, review of the fundamental concepts and clinical indications for Transcranial Doppler (TCD) imaging.  An overview of the physics of ultrasonography as it pertains to TCD is presented, as well as neuroanatomy and cerebrovascular physiology in healthy and diseased states.  Recommended protocols for neuroimaging are reviewed and serves as a guide for existing neurovascular laboratories and medical systems seeking to develop laboratories that are in need of a guide to establish their own protocols.  The most common, relevant and challenging clinical conditions where TCD is incorporated to assist with patient management are discussed.  In addition, chapters provide a framework for building a neurovascular laboratory, including necessary equipment, steps to obtain national accreditation by accrediting bodies, and reimbursement procedures for tests performed.  The book concludes with “clinical pearls” and“tricks of the trade”, which serve as a commentary to guide physicians and neurosonologists on best-practices for TCD acquisition and interpretation.

The 2nd edition of this book describes the recent techniques, strategies, and drugs that have been demonstrated by multicenter randomized trials to influence survival in critically ill, defined as those who have acute failure of at least one organ, due to either a pathological condition or a medical intervention, and require intensive care treatment. Each chapter focuses on a specific procedure, device, or drug. The scope is accordingly wide, with coverage of topics as diverse as noninvasive mechanical ventilation, protective ventilation, prone positioning, intravenous salbutamol in ARDS, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest, daily interruption of sedatives, tranexamic acid, diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin, albumin, growth hormone, glutamine supplementation, tight glucose control, supranormal oxygen delivery, and hydroxyethyl starch in sepsis. The topics selection was performed with the help of hundreds of specialists from dozens of countries; they expressed via web if they agreed or not with these topics and if they used them in their daily clinical practice. The clear text is supported by "how to do" sections and "key point" boxes that provide easily accessible practical information. Written by acknowledged international experts, Reducing Mortality in Critically Ill Patients is of interest for a wide variety of specialists, including intensivists, emergency doctors, and anesthesiologists.

This book aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and solution posed to the health care professionals who need to use mechanical ventilation to treat their patients.Mechanical ventilation is a cornerstone of the treatment of critically ill patients, as also dramatically underlined by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The topic is not simple to approach, since it requires integration of multiple data which, in turn, result from complex interplays between patient’s condition and ventilatory settings. While technological development empowered advanced monitoring and decision support, these also increase the burden of data on the practitioners. Furthermore, considering that sometimes mechanical ventilation is seen under two, apparently opposite, approaches, “physiology vs. protocols”, the book aims to reconcile these two aspects. And this has been done by each author following the above trajectory in their chapters. The exposure of the topic begins from the “pathophysiology” (i.e. the “physiology of the disease”) so that the reader can better understand the concept and rationale of any given approach. At the same time, any rationale or hypothesis (for as much as supported by physiology) must hold at the proof of clinical research and evidence, which is summarized in each chapter. In summary, the purposes is that the readers understand not only which is the best clinical practice to adopt but also why and which mechanisms this is based upon and how to approach a novel issue they might encounter. The book – addressed to physicians, nurses and respiratory therapist – features chapters on “novel” or “hot” topics like, obviously, COVID-19, ECMO, but also MV in low resource setting.

This book provides easy to follow guidance on how to manage emergency situations and common problems in obstetric anesthesia. The book provides different anesthetic recipes for obstetric procedures and describes challenges that will be encountered on a day-to-day basis. There are trouble-shooting chapters and ‘what to do lists’ for frequent dilemmas. The book covers obstetric-specific resuscitation and medical emergencies seen on the labor ward. Antenatal and postpartum complications relating to anesthesia are covered as well as issues that may arise during follow up of patients who have had neuraxial anesthesia during delivery. Quick Hits in Obstetric Anesthesia should be used as a cognitive aid for emergency cases and as a decision-making tool for urgent management plans. It is a guide to common problems and provides core knowledge to facilitate anesthesia care on labor wards for allgrades of anesthetist.

The first edition of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology introduced a completely new paradigm for detecting bladder cancer by urine cytology. This system concentrated on defining morphological characteristics of the most clinically significant form of bladder cancer, High Grade Urothelial Carcinoma. This new approach has been widely accepted throughout the world, and has become part of the daily practice of cytology. Considering that the first edition of The Paris System (TPS) introduced a new model of urinary cytodiagnosis, verification and expansion of initial material and data were anticipated. Based on evolving knowledge and readership requests, the group of highly experienced authors have created a new edition of TPS. This second edition includes areas and issues not originally covered. A new chapter on urine cytology of the upper tract, a rarely addressed topic, has been introduced. Furthermore, the issue of cellular degeneration is discussed in the criteria of all diagnostic categories. Examples of standardized reports are included in each chapter. Most importantly, a separate chapter presents data defining the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category to inform clinical management. New high quality images augment those of the first edition to better illustrate diagnostic clues and potential pitfalls.  In addition to chapters on diagnostic criteria, current concepts of pathogenesis of bladder cancer, specimen adequacy and preparation, and ancillary tests are covered in separate chapters.  A bonus to the volume is a comprehensive history of urine as the earliest diagnostic sample of human disease, richly illustrated with artworks from major museums.   Written by internationally recognized authorities, this comprehensive and evidence-based guide to urine cytology is supported by the newest data confirming the original concept and significance of diagnostic criteria defining High Grade UrothelialCarcinoma. TPS is an essential tool for anyone who is practicing urinary cytology, including cytotechnologists, pathologists-in-training and practicing pathologists. This book should find a place in every cytology laboratory throughout the world.   The Concept has been endorsed by the American Society of Cytopathology, and the International Academy of Cytology.

This practical book covers neuro-critical care procedures performed in medical or surgical ICU and different procedures dedicated to acute neurological care.   The book's format allows for quick decisions about care and protocols while treating neurologically injured patients. Divided into two sections, the first focuses on procedures. The outlines of these chapters include indication, technique, types of kits available, and challenges. The second section covers the protocols; these chapters feature flowcharts, drugs/device, doses of drugs, description of device, indication, evidence, and future prospects.   This succinct guide will serve as a go-to reference for residents, fellows, intensivists, or any healthcare personnel within neuro-critical care unit.

This extensive clinically focused book is a detailed practical 3D echocardiography imaging reference that addresses the concerns and needs of both the novice and experienced 3D echocardiographer. Chapters have been written in a highly instructive and practical disease- and problem-oriented approach supported by illustrative high-quality images (and corresponding 3D echo video clips where applicable) that demonstrate the incremental value of 3D echocardiography over 2D echocardiography in practice. Practical 3D Echocardiography is an intuitive guide to 3D imaging – what to look for, how to look for it, the best and special views, caveats and pitfalls when applicable, and clinical pearls and pointers – that can be used in daily practice. It is therefore of immense value to any practicing or trainee echocardiographer, cardiologist and internist. 

The aim of this book is to educate and train practitioners in the safe and professional use of diagnostic ultrasound imaging in the visualization and interpretation of various cerebral conditions not only in neurointensive care, but also in the operating room and, in general, cardiothoracic and neurocritical care settings. It is chiefly intended for anaesthetists and intensivists with a basic knowledge of ultrasound physics, but also for neurosurgeons and neurologists. All chapters were coordinated by the Editors, with experiences in hands-on courses on Echography and Doppler of the Brain, and prepared by international experts. The book covers from basic principles to estimation of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion. The topics cover emergency department and prehospital brain US as part of POCUS and US multiorgan evaluation to general intensive care, neurointensive care and anesthesia, including special populations as pregnant and children and setting as LMIC. Clinical scenarios complete the book. An innovative and unique guide that equips readers to perform bedside and non-invasive assessments for a range of cerebrovascular diseases.

This book describes how to monitor and optimize cardiovascular dynamics using advanced hemodynamic monitoring in perioperative and intensive care medicine. The book outlines basic skills of hemodynamic monitoring, different techniques including invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive methods, and algorithms and treatment strategies for perioperative goal-directed hemodynamic therapy in different groups of surgical patients. Thus, the book reflects current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in perioperative and intensive care medicine. All sections of this book have a learning-oriented style and are illustrated with tables and figures summarizing the main content. The volume is addressed both to specialists and residents using advanced hemodynamic monitoring; it reflects indications and limitations of current monitoring tools and discuss therapeutic strategies. It also helps readers to integrate new knowledge on monitoring of cardiovascular dynamics into clinical practice.