Deep brain stimulation has been used effectively for many years to treat patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. Now, neurologists and neurosurgeons are using electric pulse generators to block abnormal activity, i.e. epileptic fits. Promising research results indicate that electric pulses implanted deep in the brain can affect neurocircuitry and help stop oncoming seizures. Supplying a solid background on brain stimulation and its application to epilepsy, Deep Brain Stimulation and Epilepsy provides a historical overview, explores pathogenesis of brain stimulation, discusses animal experiments and human studies, and explores future prospects of brain stimulation for epileptic control. The editor and his team of contributors distill information drawn directly from the literature into one convenient resource.
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HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: BRAIN STIMULATION AND EPILEPSY Brain Stimulation and Epilepsy: Basic Overview and Novel Approaches, J. Luders, I. Najm, and H.O. Luders PATHOGENESIS OF BRAIN STIMULATION: ANIMAL STUDIES The Basal Ganglia: Overview, T. Subramanian The Subthalamic Nucleus: Anatomy and Neurophysiology, T. Wichmann Brain Stimulation and Epilepsy: Electrical Stimulus Characteristics, M.T. Rise Electrically Excitable Nerve-elements: Excitation Sites in Peripheral and Central Stimulation, W.M. Grill Control of Neuronal Activity by Electrical Fields: in vitro Models of Epilepsy, D.M. Durand and M. Bikson The Nigral Control of Epilepsy: Basal Ganglia Circuitry as a Substrate for Seizure Control, K. Gale High Frequency Direct Cortical Electrical Stimulation: An Animal Model of Induced Acute Focal Seizures, H. Shigeto, I. Najm, A. Boongird, D.R. Nair, C. Burrier, K.B. Baker, and H.O. Luders PATHOGENESIS OF BRAIN STIMULATION: HUMAN STUDIES Cortico-cortical Evoked Potentials, R. Matsumoto, D.R. Nair, E. LaPresto, I. Najm, W. Bingaman, H. Shibasaki, and H.O. Luders Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, G. Thut and A. Pascual-Leone High Frequency Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation, E.B. Montgomery, J.R. Gale, and K.B. Baker Cortical Evoked Potentials from Deep Brain Stimulation, K.B. Baker and E.B. Montgomery, Jr. EEG Recording from the Subthalamic Nucleus in Patients with Epilepsy, D.S.Dinner, S. Neme, and H.O. Luders EEG and the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus, B, Litt and S. Cranstoun EFFECT OF BRAIN STIMULATION ON EPILEPTIC SEIZURES: ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS Absence Seizures in the GAERS Model: Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation, A.-L. Benabid, L. Vercueil, K. Bressand, M. Dematteis, A. Benazzouz, L. Minotti, and P. Kahane Focal Limbic Seizures Induced by Kainic Acid: Effects of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation, A. Pan, A. Boongird, T. Kunieda, I. Najm, and H.O. Luders Focal Stimulation versus Deep Brain Stimulation, T. Tanaka, K. Hashizume, A. Matsuo, T. Urino, H. Tsuda, K. Kato, A. Hodozuka, and H. Nakai The Anterior Thalamus and the Pentylenetrazol (PTZ) Model, M.A. Mirski, D.L. Sherman, and W.C. Ziai EFFECT OF BRAIN STIMULATION ON EPILEPTIC SEIZURES: HUMAN STUDIES Vagal Nerve Stimulation: Surgical Techniques, W.E. Bingaman Vagal Nerve Stimulation: Effects on Seizures, D. Labar Therapeutic Prospects and Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Epilepsy, F. Tergau and B. Steinhoff Direct Cortical Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Epilepsy, D.R. Nair, R. Matsumoto, H.O. Luders, R. Burgess, and W. Bingaman Electical Neuromodulation of the Epileptic Focus in Caes of Temporal Lobe Seizures, F. Velasco, A.L. Velasco, M. Velasco, L. Rocha, and D. Menes Anterior Thalamic Nucleus Stimulation: Surgical Procedure, G. Baluch Anterior Thalamic Nucleus Stimulation: Issues in Study Design, R.S. Fisher Surgical Procedure for Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation, J.M. Rosenow, A. Boongrid, N.M. Boulis, A. Rezai Subthalamic Nucleus and Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Stimulation: The Grenoble Experience, A.-L. Benabid, A. Koudsie, S. Chabardes, L. Vercueil, A. Benazzouz, L. Minotti, J.-F. Le Bas, P. Kahane, A. de Saint Martin, and E. Hirsch Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Patients with Intractable Epilepsy: The Cleveland Experience, S. Neme, E.B. Montgomery, Jr., A. Rezai, K. Wilson, and H.O. Luders BRIAN STIMULATION: FUTURE PROSPECTS The Future of Brain Stimulation for Seizure Control, W. Heetderks
